Unit of Individual Diet, Agency out-of Restaurants Technology and you will Individual Nourishment, Agricultural University out-of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.M.); (V.B.); (Good.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± TadЕѕikistan naiset avioliittoon 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step one. Introduction
Drinks on the types of beverage, coffee, milk products, fruit juice, sodas, diet plan products, energy beverages and you will liquor are available in a big and you can growing level of choices. Range touches flavor choice, nutritional requirements, and existence requires, of course some products come, it is very likely to arrived at euhydration .
Drinks lead around 25%–50% off drinking habits [dos,step three,4], therefore he or she is essential meeting every day liquid needs and having euhydration. Moisture could have been of the repairs regarding regular physical and you can cognitive characteristics .
But not, this has been contended one beverages contribute significantly into the expanding carrying excess fat prices around the globe [six,7], mainly because of their times articles [8,nine,10]. In certain degree, Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB) consumption might have been of weight gain in kids and grownups , if you find yourself proof you to definitely coming down SSBs tend to reduce the threat of being obese and you may related disease for example diabetes might have been seen while the powerful . Energy intake from products has increased drastically for the past 40 age by up to 222 unhealthy calories for every individual everyday .
Nevertheless, products regarding various kinds do not lead equally so you can energy consumption . The energy articles of the take in and additionally usage designs may suggest otherwise, we.age., specific caloric beverages can be consumed rarely hence adding little to everyday energy intake. It has been debated you to replacement sweetened caloric beverages having water can help remove overall energy intake within the fat users . Nevertheless, consumption of sweetened caloric products try a complex topic that can be looked at outside of the caloric sum and in brand new context away from weightloss designs .
Moreover, simultaneously so you’re able to dining practices, individuals things such as for example seasonality, physical working out accounts and sex make a difference the fresh assortment in take in selection and share to overall times consumption. These items haven’t been fully examined; subsequent education here usually elucidate the current question of opportunity intake off dieting supply and you can out-of beverages particularly.
Inside a past studies used into the Greece, by using the Liquids Equilibrium Questionnaire (WBQ) tool, we found that for the 984 grownups, 24% out-of water intake is inspired by beverages . There can be an unequivocal must subsequent elaborate within these findings, elucidating the fresh sum from beverages so you’re able to total energy intake and you can balance.
