Mitogenome phylogeny
The fresh mitochondrial sequence are a popular molecular ong pets 35 . In the current data, to advance elucidate this new phylogenetic interrelationships within this Anatidae, concatenated nucleotide sequences out of 13 PCGs as well as 2 rRNA genes were taken from 37 Anatidae aves, towards five Aythya variety, you to definitely Netta variety, you to definitely Asarcornis types, you to Mareca kinds, seven Anas varieties, about three Mergus varieties, one Lophodytes types, about three Bucephala types, one to Cairina types, that Aix variety, a couple Tadorna kinds, five Cygnus kinds, that Branta species, five Anser variety, and another Dendrocygna variety.
In both the new Bayesian inference (BI) and you may restrict opportunities (ML) analyses, the fresh new phylogenetic trees got nearly similar topologies (Fig. seven, Additional Figs. step 1 and you may dos). Both woods on a couple analyses was basically backed by good statistical values. Typically, the fresh genera Aythya, Netta, Asarcornis, Anas, Mareca, Mergus, Lophodytes, Bucephala, Cairina, Tadorna, and you may Aix clustered in subfamily Anatinae, whereas the brand new subfamily Anserinae had a sister connection with Anatinae, and Cygnus, Branta, and you will Anser. Dendrocygna javanica, whose vertical position, elongated shoulder and you may feet, and conspicuous perching-tree practice distinguish it regarding most other Anseriformes variety, diverged before on fundamental ancestry and means an aunt clade to help you Anatinae-Anserinae thirty-six . Our very own topology was very similar to the outcome of degree mainly based into research away from concatenated mitochondrial nucleotide sequences from ND2 and you can Cytb genetics, in addition to which have morphological study thirty-six,37,38 .
Molecular phylogenetic data away from 37 Anatidae types built by MrBayes and you will IQ tree. Wide variety near the nodes portray posterior likelihood (left) and bootstrap thinking (right).
Within this Anserinae, types of the fresh new genus Anser was regarding Branta canadensis closely. It is relative to earlier morphology-built analyses 39 . The issue is much more cutting-edge toward larger subfamily Anatinae. Within this subfamily, we receive five uniform clades: Aythyini (Aythya + Netta + Asarcornis), Anatini (Anas + Mareca), Mergini (Mergus + Lophodytes + Bucephala), and you can Cairinini (Cairina + Aix + Tadorna). Cairinini is actually the brand new aunt group of all other Anatinae people, which was firmly supported by the outcomes of your own present data. On the Anatinae people, Anatini and Aythyini enjoys closer phylogenetic relationship, and they results are backed by morphological studies and phylogenetic investigation considering a few PCGs 37,38 how does flirt4free work . In the genus Aythya, A good. americana and you may Good. ferina had been clustered plus well-supported philosophy. At the same time, Good. fuligula and also the clade (An excellent. americana + An excellent. ferina) shaped a high-served really worth branch. Our target variety, A. baeri, and the clade (A. fuligula + (A beneficial. americana + A. ferina)) was basically clustered on you to definitely branch, indicating new five species function a good monophyletic category.
Conclusions
The current analysis given the brand new mitogenome from A beneficial. baeri (sixteen,623 bp, accession count MT129533). It round mtDNA integrated thirteen PCGs, two rRNAs, twenty two tRNAs, and another CR. Using analysis, it absolutely was learned that the brand new genome out of A good. baeri demonstrated attribute sequence structures and try a bit similar to men and women away from Aythya aves. One of the PCGs, ND3 met with the really polymorphism and you may large hereditary distance. Our phylogenetic analysis predicated on joint mitochondrial gene place (thirteen PCGs and two rRNAs) regarding 37 Anatidae kinds playing with BI and you may ML algorithms revealed that An excellent. baeri was directly connected with A beneficial. fuligula, A beneficial. americana, and An effective. ferina. In reality, i deduced these particular varieties were monophyletic. Additionally, most of the genera whereby numerous species was indeed read was together with discovered to be monophyletic with the exception of Anas, once the you to included Mareca. Today’s studies will bring an important site for the preservation out-of the brand new studied vitally endangered variety as well as valuable guidance to have next phylogenetic and evolutionary lookup to your family unit members Anatidae.
